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Most Canadians will soon be able to grow their own cannabis legally for the first time – but the time commitment and costs involved could come as a surprise to some. The Cannabis Act, which takes effect Oct. 17, will permit each Canadian household to grow up to four plants at once. However, that will be more difficult for Quebec and Manitoba residents, whose governments have moved to ban households from growing recreational pot by including fines in their legislation. “I’m happy for Canadians that they get to grow four plants, but I think they’re up for a bit more of a challenge than they think,” Matt Mernagh, who teaches a course on how to grow your own pot at Hotbox Homegrown Hydroponics, a grow shop in Toronto, said in a telephone interview with BNN Bloomberg. “It’s a time-consuming hobby.” Mernagh, a long-time grower who was granted a court-ordered exemption in 2013 that allowed him to produce his own medical cannabis, said the time requirement and costs are among the most important considerations for new growers. And while the upfront expenses may seem high, Mernagh notes growing at home could help regular cannabis consumers save money in the long term, especially if they consume it for medicinal purposes. “I encourage my students to create a budget based on how much cannabis they plan to buy,” Mernagh said, noting money-conscious growers can still be successful without some of the recommended gear. While growing cannabis outdoors is an option as well, it can be more challenging in the winter months when temperature becomes more of an issue. Below, BNN Bloomberg breaks down some of the key costs associated with growing your own cannabis indoors. Embedded Image SEEDS Packs of marijuana seeds will be available for purchase on Oct. 17 in most provinces, but it’s not yet clear what the price point for these products will be once they’re legal. Medical growers can already purchase seeds, with some companies selling them individually anywhere between $10-$20, and packs of five for an average of $60, depending on the strain or where the seeds come from. The website growerschoiceseeds.com, for example, sells packs of five in different varieties in that price range. Embedded Image TENTS Grow tents are ideal for those who want to set up a self-contained space for their plants. Mernagh recommends investing in a good tent as they are designed for growing, are easy to assemble, and won’t cause damage to your home. A typical two-by-two foot tent costs around $120 and will generally house two or three plants, while a slightly larger three-by-three foot tent costs around $190 and will have room for about three or four plants. HYDRO While hydro rates vary across the country, this could end up being one of the biggest expenses for home growers anywhere, as cannabis plants require a lot of light. “Hydro is a big concern,” Mernagh said, noting cannabis requires 18 hours of light per day, followed by six hours of darkness during the vegetative stage. During the flowering stage, plants need to spend 12 hours under light, followed by 12 hours in the dark. Mernagh recommends keeping on top of peak hydro hours in your area in order to minimize costs. Embedded Image LIGHTS On the cheapest end of the spectrum, growers can use basic compact fluorescent light bulbs for their plants, which will cost anywhere between $50 and $100 for 200 watts, depending on the spectrum. Individual bulbs can also be purchased for less than $20. For those wishing to use a more energy-efficient light source, which could help save on hydro costs in the long-run, a pricier 140-watt LED light can be purchased for around $350. Embedded Image NUTRIENTS AND SOIL Mernagh recommends professional soil and nutrient mixes specifically designed for growing cannabis, which will contain less contaminants than your typical plant soil and leave less room for error when it comes to creating an ideal pH balance. Depending on the brand, super soil mix can cost between $20-$50. Nutrient kits can also be purchased in the $80-$120 range. Embedded Image CARBON FILTERS While they aren’t a requirement, carbon filters are a good way to clean the air and eliminate the smell that comes with growing marijuana – especially if you are growing in a small condo or apartment. The typical cost of a quality carbon filter and duct fan is around $300. And clip fans, which can be used to keep tents closed and circulate the air inside without taking up floor space, can be found for around $30. Embedded Image PH TEST KITS Keeping on top of the pH and PPM (parts per million) levels of water and nutrients is important for growing a successful plant, according to Mernagh. You can purchase pH kits for around $20. And single pH and PPM metres can be found for less than $10. TIMERS Timers are a helpful tools to ensure plants don’t spend too much time in the dark or aren’t overexposed to light. Analogue timers can range anywhere from $10-$15. Digital timers are slightly costlier at $25-35. INTRO KITS For growers who want to save the trouble of picking up equipment individually, or just don’t know where to start, introductory kits can be purchased at most grow shops or online. As an example, Hotbox Homegrown sells their cheapest beginner kit for $500, which includes a two-by-two foot tent, a clip fan, nutrients, pH drops, a digital timer, adjustable hangers, CO2 bag, and lights. More complex kits can cost upwards of $1,000.
Top 10 Strains for Indoor Growing
Indoor growing of marijuana is something that most approved patients are yet to get right. For quality results, a great deal of vigilance is necessary when considering factors such as the indoor growth medium and the growth conditions. Also vitally important, is the choice of the specific strain to grow indoors.
It goes without saying that not all strains are the same and some will perform better outdoors while other will do well indoors. For greater success for your indoor marijuana growing, here are the top 10 strains worth considering:
Super Skunk Automatic
Super Skunk Automatic is a strong, sturdy and skunky strain, ideal for medicinal indoor growers. It has powerful indica effects, though not strong enough to send you to sleep. If you are a medicinal grower who seeks pain and stress relief without the normal tedious “couchlock”, then this is a strain worth considering. It is low maintenance and you won’t be bothered by the need to remove male plants, change lights, or do any form of pruning or trimming.
Northern Lights Automatic
This is an indoor strain suitable for intermediate growers in need of something special. The strain boasts of powerful effects, ease of growth and high quality leaves. The plant is quite small in size and will never grow beyond one meter in height. Additionally, has a short flowering period of about 8 weeks.
Northern Lights Haze #5 Haze Feminized
If you have some experience growing marijuana successfully in the past, then you should try growing the Northern Lights #5 Have Feminized variety. The strain takes at least ten weeks to flower and requires a lot of attention, tender care and extra support, especially when the lateral branches are on their latest stages of development. It is a powerful and high yielding plant and for you to be successful with it, you will need to have a great deal of skill and patience.
Big Bud Feminized
This is the strain to go for if you desire gargantuan amount of buds from your plant. Big Bud Feminized is the result of a breeding program which brought together skunk Afghan genetics with Afghan cultivar to create a marvelous indica-dominant marijuana variety.
Silver Haze #9 Feminized
A good number of growers are afraid to try out the Haze strains because they take relatively long to flower, they tend to keep on vegetating even on a 12/12 light cycle and also because of their height. In as much as the Silver Haze # Feminized strain may exhibit some of these features, what you get eventually will be worth the effort. The results boasts of large yields and it is also the strain to consider if you are limited to just a number of plants due to space constraints.
Maple Leaf Indica
Pure indicas were staple strains for indoor growers for very many years and this was due to their admirable attributes such as short flowering periods, reliable growth patterns and high quality yields. Though their dominance has been diluted by the emergence of the more stable sativa-dominant breeds, Maple Leaf Indica is one strain that has managed to successfully wade off any attempts to go under due to the influence of the hybrid newcomers. The variety is known to produce lots of beautiful, thick, deep-green leaves that will require you some time to crush successfully.
Jack Herer
Jack Herer displays a perfect indica/sativa balance in the ratio of 1:1. With this strain, you get a perfect balance of cerebral high and body stone and it is a strain more more awards under its belt than any other cannabis variety. It is ideal if you desire a perfectly homogenous marijuana strain.
Shiva Shanti II
Shiva Shanti II is the strain to consider if you require milder effect and you are a beginner grower on budget. It is cheap, fast, tough and very forgiving. At 75% indica, the strain boasts of a fast flowering period and a normal height gain, but will always deliver very good yields.
American Dream
With the American Dream, you get speed, reliability and potency from a classic skunk-afghan hybrid blended with high quality sativas from Hawaii and Jamaica. The strain produces plants characterized with thick, dense and spiky buds which are reminiscent of the Christmas tree shape. As such, they are easy to work and grow, making it a favorite strain for individuals with compact grow spaces.
Skunk Automatic Strain
The Skunk Automatic is the ideal strain for beginners or individuals on a budget. It is pleasantly easy to grow and it comes with very rewarding results. This particular strain taps into the unique qualities which made skunk win multiple awards such as being able to be grown by individuals with zero experience in gardening. Flowering takes about five weeks, after which after which you will see thick compact bushes that will be ready for harvest after about fifteen days.
Posted on April 23, 2018April 23, 2018Categories Cannabis as Medicine, Indoor Cannabis SeedsTags I49 Marijuana Seeds1 Comment on Top 10 Strains for Indoor Growing
Outdoor Cannabis Growing Tips
Growing cannabis outdoors is not as simple as just tossing the seeds into the soil and then waiting on the forces of nature to grant you a bumper harvest after a few weeks. A lot of research and preparation is needed to ensure you get it right when it comes to the soil condition requirements, site preparation, pest control and proper care and maintenance. If you intend to venture in outdoor cannabis growing, then here are some tips you will find valuable:
Outdoor Cannabis Seeds Need Good soil
Your success with growing cannabis outdoors will depend on the choice of soil or the particular medium upon which the plant will grow. The soil should have the correct pH, it should be well drained, and it should also the correct amount of nutrients. A good soil should not be very expensive, and you should find very good options from reputable landscape supply companies that deals with selling soils in bulk.
Where to Plant The Cannabis Seed?
One aspect to consider when thinking about the location for growing cannabis outdoors is the exposure to sunlight. For good yields, the plant must have maximum exposure to sunlight and mostly, a southern exposure is recommended. This implies that the chosen site should not be an area with tall buildings, hills and trees which will block sunlight from accessing the plant. Additionally, it would be a good idea if the areas is sheltered and well irrigated in addition to having very good drainage.
Starts the plants indoor if you can
If possible, start by germinating the cannabis-seeds indoors and allowing them to grow under indoor conditions for about one or two weeks. This will protect them from birds and insects which might feast on their tender leaves and stock. When it is time to take them out, start off by “conditioning” them so that they adapt gradually to the outdoor conditions. For instance, take them outside under a shelter for a few hours a day for about another week or two, before you finally expose them fully to the outdoor environment.
Consider the security of the plants
You should plan ahead in terms of security when considering the final location for growing the cannabis outdoors. It is highly recommended to keep them from the prying eyes of the public and they should also be safe from animals and birds. You may consider installing game cameras if you are curious about someone secretly finding your plants and also to let you know of the kinds of animals or creatures that normally visit the site.
Consider starting with one line of nutrients
Just like in indoor growing, you should consider starting off your marijuana with just one line of nutrients, and this should contain everything the plant needs to grow happy. Be careful not to add too much fertilizer than recommended as this may be detrimental to the life of the plants.
Pick the right outdoor cannabis strains
It goes without saying that you must choose the right outdoor marijuana strain if you want to get good yields. While choosing the strain, you should consider your location and climate as these will determine the outdoor conditions under which the plant will be required to grow. Choose the strains which have been specifically developed to thrive under those particular outdoor conditions dictated by your region and climate.
Posted on April 23, 2018April 23, 2018Categories Cannabis Growing Tips, Outdoor Cannabis SeedsTags I49 Cannabis SeedLeave a comment on Outdoor Cannabis Growing Tips
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soma seed auto
soma seed feminized
soma seed auto feminized
soma seeds auto
soma seeds feminized
soma seeds auto feminized
soma seedbank auto
soma seedbank feminized
soma seedbank auto feminized
soma seed co auto
soma seed co feminized
soma seed co auto feminized
soma seed company auto
soma seed company feminized
soma seed company auto feminized
t.h. seed auto
t.h. seed feminized
t.h. seed auto feminized
t.h. seeds auto
t.h. seeds feminized
t.h. seeds auto feminized
t.h. seedbank auto
t.h. seedbank feminized
t.h. seedbank auto feminized
t.h. seed co auto
t.h. seed co feminized
t.h. seed co auto feminized
t.h. seed company auto
t.h. seed company feminized
t.h. seed company auto feminized
the real seed auto
the real seed feminized
the real seed auto feminized
the real seeds auto
the real seeds feminized
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the real seedbank auto
the real seedbank feminized
the real seedbank auto feminized
the real seed co auto
the real seed co feminized
the real seed co auto feminized
the real seed company auto
the real seed company feminized
the real seed company auto feminized
the sativa seed auto
the sativa seed feminized
the sativa seed auto feminized
the sativa seeds auto
the sativa seeds feminized
the sativa seeds auto feminized
the sativa seedbank auto
the sativa seedbank feminized
the sativa seedbank auto feminized
the sativa seed co auto
the sativa seed co feminized
the sativa seed co auto feminized
the sativa seed company auto
the sativa seed company feminized
the sativa seed company auto feminized
words of seed auto
words of seed feminized
words of seed auto feminized
words of seeds auto
words of seeds feminized
words of seeds auto feminized
words of seedbank auto
words of seedbank feminized
words of seedbank auto feminized
words of seed co auto
words of seed co feminized
words of seed co auto feminized
words of seed company auto
words of seed company feminized
words of seed company auto feminized
canadian seed auto
canadian seed feminized
canadian seed auto feminized
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canadian seedbank auto
canadian seedbank feminized
canadian seedbank auto feminized
canadian seed co auto
canadian seed co feminized
canadian seed co auto feminized
canadian seed company auto
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canadian seed company auto feminized
us seed auto
us seed feminized
us seed auto feminized
us seeds auto
us seeds feminized
us seeds auto feminized
us seedbank auto
us seedbank feminized
us seedbank auto feminized
us seed co auto
us seed co feminized
us seed co auto feminized
us seed company auto
us seed company feminized
us seed company auto feminized
american seed auto
american seed feminized
american seed auto feminized
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american seedbank feminized
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american seed co auto
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american seed company auto
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american seed company auto feminized
dutch seed auto
dutch seed feminized
dutch seed auto feminized
dutch seeds auto
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dutch seedbank auto
dutch seedbank feminized
dutch seedbank auto feminized
dutch seed co auto
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dutch seed co auto feminized
dutch seed company auto
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dutch seed company auto feminized
uk seed auto
uk seed feminized
uk seed auto feminized
uk seeds auto
uk seeds feminized
uk seeds auto feminized
uk seedbank auto
uk seedbank feminized
uk seedbank auto feminized
uk seed co auto
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uk seed company auto
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uk seed company auto feminized
united kingdom seed auto
united kingdom seed feminized
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united kingdom seed co auto
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united kingdom seed company auto
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british seed auto
british seed feminized
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british seeds auto
british seeds feminized
british seeds auto feminized
british seedbank auto
british seedbank feminized
british seedbank auto feminized
british seed co auto
british seed co feminized
british seed co auto feminized
british seed company auto
british seed company feminized
british seed company auto feminized
cbs seed auto
cbs seed feminized
cbs seed auto feminized
cbs seeds auto
cbs seeds feminized
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cbs seedbank auto
cbs seedbank feminized
cbs seedbank auto feminized
cbs seed co auto
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cbs seed company auto
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dr. atomic seed auto
dr. atomic seed feminized
dr. atomic seed auto feminized
dr. atomic seeds auto
dr. atomic seeds feminized
dr. atomic seeds auto feminized
dr. atomic seedbank auto
dr. atomic seedbank feminized
dr. atomic seedbank auto feminized
dr. atomic seed co auto
dr. atomic seed co feminized
dr. atomic seed co auto feminized
dr. atomic seed company auto
dr. atomic seed company feminized
dr. atomic seed company auto feminized
next generation seed auto
next generation seed feminized
next generation seed auto feminized
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next generation seeds feminized
next generation seeds auto feminized
next generation seedbank auto
next generation seedbank feminized
next generation seedbank auto feminized
next generation seed co auto
next generation seed co feminized
next generation seed co auto feminized
next generation seed company auto
next generation seed company feminized
next generation seed company auto feminized
kindseed seed auto
kindseed seed feminized
kindseed seed auto feminized
kindseed seeds auto
kindseed seeds feminized
kindseed seeds auto feminized
kindseed seedbank auto
kindseed seedbank feminized
kindseed seedbank auto feminized
kindseed seed co auto
kindseed seed co feminized
kindseed seed co auto feminized
kindseed seed company auto
kindseed seed company feminized
kindseed seed company auto feminized
kind seed auto
kind seed feminized
kind seed auto feminized
kind seeds auto
kind seeds feminized
kind seeds auto feminized
kind seedbank auto
kind seedbank feminized
kind seedbank auto feminized
kind seed co auto
kind seed co feminized
kind seed co auto feminized
kind seed company auto
kind seed company feminized
kind seed company auto feminized
liberty seed auto
liberty seed feminized
liberty seed auto feminized
liberty seeds auto
liberty seeds feminized
liberty seeds auto feminized
liberty seedbank auto
liberty seedbank feminized
liberty seedbank auto feminized
liberty seed co auto
liberty seed co feminized
liberty seed co auto feminized
liberty seed company auto
liberty seed company feminized
liberty seed company auto feminized
mighty mite seed auto
mighty mite seed feminized
mighty mite seed auto feminized
mighty mite seeds auto
mighty mite seeds feminized
mighty mite seeds auto feminized
mighty mite seedbank auto
mighty mite seedbank feminized
mighty mite seedbank auto feminized
mighty mite seed co auto
mighty mite seed co feminized
mighty mite seed co auto feminized
mighty mite seed company auto
mighty mite seed company feminized
mighty mite seed company auto feminized
prairie pride seed auto
prairie pride seed feminized
prairie pride seed auto feminized
prairie pride seeds auto
prairie pride seeds feminized
prairie pride seeds auto feminized
prairie pride seedbank auto
prairie pride seedbank feminized
prairie pride seedbank auto feminized
prairie pride seed co auto
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prairie pride seed co auto feminized
prairie pride seed company auto
prairie pride seed company feminized
prairie pride seed company auto feminized
taylor’d genetics seed auto
taylor’d genetics seed feminized
taylor’d genetics seed auto feminized
taylor’d genetics seeds auto
taylor’d genetics seeds feminized
taylor’d genetics seeds auto feminized
taylor’d genetics seedbank auto
taylor’d genetics seedbank feminized
taylor’d genetics seedbank auto feminized
taylor’d genetics seed co auto
taylor’d genetics seed co feminized
taylor’d genetics seed co auto feminized
taylor’d genetics seed company auto
taylor’d genetics seed company feminized
taylor’d genetics seed company auto feminized
thc laboratorie seed auto
thc laboratorie seed feminized
thc laboratorie seed auto feminized
thc laboratorie seeds auto
thc laboratorie seeds feminized
thc laboratorie seeds auto feminized
thc laboratorie seedbank auto
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thc laboratorie seed co auto
thc laboratorie seed co feminized
thc laboratorie seed co auto feminized
thc laboratorie seed company auto
thc laboratorie seed company feminized
thc laboratorie seed company auto feminized
v.i.s.c. seed auto
v.i.s.c. seed feminized
v.i.s.c. seed auto feminized
v.i.s.c. seeds auto
v.i.s.c. seeds feminized
v.i.s.c. seeds auto feminized
v.i.s.c. seedbank auto
v.i.s.c. seedbank feminized
v.i.s.c. seedbank auto feminized
v.i.s.c. seed co auto
v.i.s.c. seed co feminized
v.i.s.c. seed co auto feminized
v.i.s.c. seed company auto
v.i.s.c. seed company feminized
v.i.s.c. seed company auto feminized
secret valley seed auto
secret valley seed feminized
secret valley seed auto feminized
secret valley seeds auto
secret valley seeds feminized
secret valley seeds auto feminized
secret valley seedbank auto
secret valley seedbank feminized
secret valley seedbank auto feminized
secret valley seed co auto
secret valley seed co feminized
secret valley seed co auto feminized
secret valley seed company auto
secret valley seed company feminized
secret valley seed company auto feminized
seed auto feminized
seeds auto feminized
seedbank auto
seedbank feminized
seedbank auto feminized
seed co auto
seed co feminized
seed co auto feminized
seed company auto
seed company feminized
seed company auto feminized
weed weed seeds
weed pot seeds
weed marijuanna seeds
weed marihuana seeds
weed marihuanna seeds
weed marijuana seed
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afropips weed seeds
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barney’s farm weed seeds
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big budha weed seeds
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dna genetics weed seeds
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dutch passion weed seeds
dutch passion pot seeds
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flying dutchman weed seeds
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paradise weed seeds
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reserva privada weed seeds
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resin weed seeds
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the real weed seeds
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words of weed seeds
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Medicinal Use Guide
Sativas
Alzheimer’s Disease
Anorexia Nervosa
Anxiety
Bronchial Asthma
Chrohn’s Disease Depression
Epilepsy ( Seizure Disorders )
Glaucoma
Multiple Schlerosis
Parkinson’s Disease
Tourette’s Syndrome
Other Pain Conditions
Crosses / Hybrids
Attention Deficit Disorder
Alzheimer’s Disease
Anorexia Disease
Axiety
Arthritis
Autism
Bronchial Asthma
Cancer Pain
Chemotherapy
Chrohn’s Disease
Depression
Epilepsy ( Seizure Disorder )
Glaucoma
Hypertension
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Lymphoma
Multiple Sclerosis
Nausea and Vommiting
Parkinson’s Disease
Psychiatric Disorders
Restless Leg Syndrome
Sleeping Disorders
Spinal Cord Injury
Tourette’s Syndrome
Wasting Syndrome
Loss of Appetite
Other Pain Conditions
Indicas
Alzheimer’s Disease
Anorexia Nervosa
Arthritis
Autism
Bronchial Asthma
Cancer Pain
Chemotherapy
Chrohn’s Disease
Epilepsy ( Seizure Disorders )
Glaucoma
Hypertension
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Loss of Appetite
Lymphoma
Multiple Sclerosis
Nausea and Vomiting
Other Pain Categories
Parkinson’s Disease
Psychiatric Disorders
Sleep Disorders
Spinal Cord Injury
Tourette’s Syndrome
Wasting Syndrome
Other Pain Conditions
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HEIGHT OF PLANT
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EFFECTS
Happy
Relaxed
Uplifted
Energetic
Euphoric
Creative
Hungry
Sleepy
Giggly
Uplifted
MEDICAL
Stress
Depression
Pain
Eye Pressure
Fatigue
Insomnia
Lack of Appetite
Depression
NEGATIVES
Dry Mouth
Dry Eyes
Dizzy
Paranoid
Headache
Anxious
FLAVORS
Earthy
Diesel
Spicy
Herbal
Woody
Pungent
Lemon
Citrus
Sweet
Grape
Flowery
Tropical
Mango
Berry
Orange
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STRAIN ATTRIBUTES
EFFECTS
Happy
Relaxed
Uplifted
Energetic
Euphoric
Creative
Hungry
Sleepy
Giggly
Uplifted
MEDICAL
Stress
Depression
Pain
Eye Pressure
Fatigue
Insomnia
Lack of Appetite
Depression
NEGATIVES
Dry Mouth
Dry Eyes
Dizzy
Paranoid
Headache
Anxious
FLAVORS
Earthy
Diesel
Spicy
Herbal
Woody
Pungent
Lemon
Citrus
Sweet
Grape
Flowery
Tropical
Mango
Berry
Orange
STRAINS
Lemon Haze
Super Silver Haze
Chemdawg
Strawberry Cough
Alaskan Thunder Fuck
Grape Ape
Blueberry
Blackberry Kush
Super Lemon Haze
Master Kush
Cheese
Cherry Pie
Skywalker OG
Maui Wowie
Amnesia Haze
LA Confidential
Chocolope
Afghan Kush
White Rhino
Death Star
God’s Gift
Lemon Kush
Tahoe OG Kush
Skywalker
Purple Kush
Golden Goat
Mango Kush
Agent Orange
Platinum Girl Scout Cookies
Berry White
G13
Harlequin
Hindu Kush
Purple Haze
LSD
Dutch Treat
Bubble Gum
Cinderella 99
Cinex
Fire OGH
NYC Diesel
Blueberry Kush
Banana Kush
Cotton Candy Kush
XJ-13
Bruce Banner
Mr. Nice
Jillybean
Lamb’s Bread
Lemon Skunk
Tangerine Dream
Animal Cookies
Romulan
Chernobyl
Cannatonic
Alien OG
White Fire OG
Silver Haze
Island Sweet Skunk
Critical Mass
Afgoo
Orange Kush
Fruity Pebbles
Ghost Train Haze
Lavender
Sour OG
Platinum OG
Larry OG
Juicy Fruit
Candyland
Kosher Kush
Tangle
Pineapple Kush
S100 OG
Sunset Sherbert
Thin Mint Girl Scout Cookies
Obama Kush
Platinum Kush
Sensi Star
Amnesia
Purple Trainwreck
Sweet Tooth
Holy Grail Kush
Blackberry
Flo
J1
White Russian
Blue Diesel
Purple Diesel
Critical Kush
Grapefruit
SnowCap
Sour Kush
Moby Dick
God Bud
Kandy Kush
MK Ultra
King Louis XIII
UK Cheese
Pineapple
ACDC
Lemon Diesel
Vanilla Kush
Space Queen
Pink Kush
Super Skunk
Casey Jones
Mango
Pre-98 Bubba Kush
Afghani
Acapulco Gold
Khalifa Kush
Blackwater
Orange Crush
SFV OG
Deadhead OG
Skunk No. 1
Jack Frost
Super Sour Diesel
Haze
Herijuana
Ghost OG
Jack The Ripper
Great White Shark
Grape God
Permafrost
Blue Widow
Strawberry Kush
9 Pound Hammer
Has Plant
Dr. Who
True OG
Raspberry Kush
Platinum Bubba Kush
Golden Pineapple
Lemon OG Kush
Blue Mango
Purple OG Kush
Cherry Kush
Ogre
King’s Kush
Red Dragon
Diamond OG
797 Headband
Power Plant
Banana OG
Presidential OG
3 Kings
Jesus OG
Pure Kush
Kryptonite
Blueberry Diesel
Ace of Spades
Cat Piss
Snoop’s Dream
Big Bud
Chemdawg 4
Shiskaberry
Blueberry Headband
Black Cherry Soda
Black Widow
Kali Mist
Sage
Blueberry Haze
California Orange
Yoda OG
Double Cream
Jack Flash
The White
Gelato
Bubblegum Kush
Plushberry
Big Budha Cheese
OG #18
Black Jack
Mendoccino Purps
Jedi Kush
Black Domina
Dream Queen
Pure Power Plant
Grape Stomper
Jean Guy
Pineapple Chunk
Vortex
Strawberry Diesel
Rockstar
Querkle
Super Blue Dream
Purple Sour Diesel
Bruse Banner #3
Ice
Cheese Quake
Bubba OG
Blue Haze
Nebula
Willy’s Wonder
Diable
Stardawg
Pennywise
DJ Short Blueberry
Black Diamond
Candy Jack
Jet Fuel
Afgooey
Violator Kush
Fucking Incredible
XXX OG
Purple Dream
Blue Cookies
Orange Bud
Sage N Sour
Pineapple Trainwreck
Gorilla Glue#1
Cali Kush
Blue Dragon
Dark Star
Harle-Tsu
M-39
Libery Haze
G13 Haze
Tangerine Kush
Cannalope Haze
Cookies and Cream
Redwood Kush
Paris OG
Glass Slipper
Blueberry Cheesecake
Hawaiian Snow
Chemo
Sour Tangie
Purple Candy
Green Queen
Mob Boss
Cherry AK-47
Chocolate Chunk
Cookies Kush
Trinity
Sour Tsunami
Rd
Tangerine Haze
Charlotte’s Web
Chiesel
Matanuska Thunder Fuck
Key Lime Pie
Phanton Cookies
Monster Cookies
East Coast Sour Diesel
SFG OG Kush
Grapefruit Kush
Dogwalker OG
Qrazy Train
Shark Shock
A-10
Alien Dawg
Bio-Diesel
Death Bubba
Tangerine
Purple Wreck
Sour Grape
AK-48
Sour Apple
White Berry
Dairy Queen
Pitbull
THC Bomb Strawberry Banana
Green Ribbon
Critical Plus
Death Star OG
Mango Haze
Quantum Kush
Pot of Gold
Lemon Drop
Chocolate Kush
Cherry Bomb
Cataract Kush
Northern Lights #5
Godfather OG
Chronic
Panama Red
Green Dream
Sour Jack
Jupiter OG
Darth Vader OG
Bubbleberry
Mars OG
Superman OG
Champagne Kush
Super Jack
Burmese Kush
Allen Wrench
Afghooey
Goo
Grape Kush
Blue Hawaiian
Papaya
Charlie Sheen
Purple Mr. Nice
Ewok
Head Cheese
Birthday Cake Kush
Orange Haze
Royal Kush
Blue Mystic
Black Mamba
Strawberry
Black Tuna
Nuken
Master Yoda
Hawaiian
Snow White
Blue Crack
Sugar Black Rose
Critical Jack
Red Congolese
Exodus Cheese
Blue OG
Apollo 13
Cannabis, also known as marijuana[1] or ganja (Hindi: ?????),[2] is a psychoactive product of the plant Cannabis sativa. The herbal form of the drug consists of dried mature flowers and subtending leaves of pistillate ("female") plants. The resinous form, known as hashish,[3] consists primarily of glandular trichomes collected from the same plant material.
A dried flowered bud of the Cannabis sativa plant.
A dried flowered bud of the Cannabis sativa plant.
The major biologically active chemical compound in cannabis is ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), commonly referred to as THC.
Humans have been consuming cannabis since prehistory,[4] although in the 20th century there was a rise in its use for recreational, religious or spiritual, and medicinal purposes. It is estimated that about four percent of the world's adult population use cannabis annually and 0.6 percent daily.[5] The possession, use, or sale of psychoactive cannabis products became illegal in most parts of the world in the early 20th century. Since then, some countries have intensified the enforcement of cannabis prohibition while others have reduced the priority of enforcement.
Contents
* 1 History
o 1.1 Medical use
o 1.2 New breeding and cultivation techniques
* 2 Criminalization and legalization
* 3 Effects
o 3.1 Health issues
o 3.2 Relationship with other drugs
o 3.3 Classification
* 4 Methods of consumption
o 4.1 Smoking
o 4.2 Vaporization
o 4.3 Eating
o 4.4 Other methods
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 Bibliography
* 8 External links
History
Evidence of the inhalation of cannabis smoke can be found as far back as the Neolithic age, as indicated by charred cannabis seeds found in a ritual brazier at an ancient burial site in present day Romania.[4] The most famous users of cannabis were the ancient Hindus of India and Nepal, and the Hashshashins (hashish eaters) of present day Syria. The herb was called ganjika in Sanskrit (????? ganja in modern Indian and Nepali languages).[6][7] The ancient drug soma, mentioned in the Vedas as a sacred intoxicating hallucinogen, was sometimes associated with cannabis.[8]
Cannabis was also known to the Assyrians, who discovered its psychoactive properties through the Aryans.[9] Using it in some religious ceremonies, they called it qunubu (meaning "way to produce smoke"), a probable origin of the modern word.[10] Cannabis was also introduced by the Aryans to the Scythians and Thracians/Dacians, whose shamans (the kapnobatai—“those who walk on smoke/clouds”) burned cannabis flowers to induce a state of trance.[11] Members of the cult of Dionysus, believed to have originated in Thrace, are also thought to have inhaled cannabis smoke. In 2003, a leather basket filled with cannabis leaf fragments and seeds was found next to a 2,500- to 2,800-year-old mummified shaman in the northwestern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China.[12][13]
Cannabis has an ancient history of ritual use and is found in pharmacological cults around the world. Hemp seeds discovered by archaeologists at Pazyryk suggest early ceremonial practices like eating by the Scythians occurred during the 5th to 2nd century BCE, confirming previous historical reports by Herodotus.[14] Some historians and etymologists have claimed that cannabis was used as a religious sacrament by ancient Jews and early Christians.[15] It was also used by Muslims in various Sufi orders as early as the Mamluk period, for example by the Qalandars.[16] In India and Nepal, it has been used by some of the wandering spiritual sadhus for centuries, and in modern times the Rastafari movement has embraced it as a sacrament.[17] Elders of the modern religious movement known as the Ethiopian Zion Coptic Church consider cannabis to be the Eucharist, claiming it as an oral tradition from Ethiopia dating back to the time of Christ, even though the movement was founded in the United States in 1975 and has no ties to either Ethiopia or the Coptic Church.[18] Like the Rastafari, some modern Gnostic Christian sects have asserted that cannabis is the Tree of Life.[19][20] Other organized religions founded in the past century that treat cannabis as a sacrament are the THC Ministry,[21] the Way of Infinite Harmony, Cantheism,[22] the Cannabis Assembly[23] and the Church of Cognizance.
Cannabis was introduced to the Americas in the mid-19th century by Indian laborers under the Indian indenture system implemented by the British Empire after the end of African slavery in the British West Indies. In the Caribbean, cannabis is still known as ganja (the Sanskrit word for marijuana), Indian or Coolie weed. The plant eventually spread into Mexico, U.S., Canada and the rest of the Americas.[citation needed]
The production of cannabis for drug use remains illegal throughout most of the world through first, the Marijuana Tax Act of 1935, the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, and the 1988 United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, while simple possession of small quantities is either legal, or treated as an addiction rather than a criminal offense in a few countries.
Medical use
Main article: Medical cannabis
A synthetic form of one chemical in marijuana, Delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is a controversial treatment for medical use. The American Marijuana Policy Project, a pro-cannabis organization, contends that cannabis is an ideal therapeutic drug for cancer and AIDS patients, who often suffer from clinical depression, and from nausea and resulting weight loss due to chemotherapy and other aggressive treatments. A recent study by scientists in Italy has also shown that cannabidiol (CBD), a chemical found in marijuana, inhibits growth of cancer cells in animals.[24]
FDA and comparable authorities in Western Europe including the Netherlands, have not approved smoked marijuana for any condition or disease. The current view of the United States Food and Drug Administration is that if there is any future of marijuana as a medicine, it lies in its isolated components, the cannabinoids and their synthetic derivatives. [25]
A synthetic extract of cannabis has been shown to relieve symptoms of anorexia in elderly Alzheimer's patients.[26]
Glaucoma, a condition of increased pressure within the eyeball causing gradual loss of sight, can be treated with medical marijuana to decrease this intraocular pressure. There has been debate for 25 years on the subject. Some data exist, showing a reduction of IOP in glaucoma patients who smoke marijuana,[27] but the effects are short-lived, and the frequency of doses needed to sustain a decreased IOP can cause systemic toxicity. There is also some concern over its use since it can also decrease blood flow to the optic nerve. Marijuana lowers IOP by acting on a cannabinoid receptor on the ciliary body called the CB receptor.[28] Although marijuana is not a good therapeutic choice for glaucoma patients, it may lead researchers to more effective, safer treatments. A promising study shows that agents targeted to ocular CB can reduce IOP in glaucoma patients who have failed other therapies.[29]
Medical marijuana is used for analgesia, or pain relief. “Marijuana is used for analgesia only in the context of a handful of illnesses (e.g., headache, dysentery, menstrual cramps, and depression) that are often cited by marijuana advocates as medical reasons to justify the drug being available as a prescription medication.”[30] It is also reported to be beneficial for treating certain neurological illnesses such as epilepsy, and bipolar disorder.[31] Case reports have found that cannabis can relieve tics in people with OCD and/or Tourette syndrome. Patients treated with tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive chemical found in cannabis, reported a significant decrease in both motor and vocal tics, some of 50% or more.[32][33][34] Some decrease in obsessive-compulsive behavior was also found.[32] A recent study has also concluded that cannabinoids found in cannabis might have the ability to prevent Alzheimer's disease.[35] THC has been shown to reduce arterial blockages.[36]
Another use for medical marijuana is movement disorders. Marijuana is frequently reported to reduce the muscle spasticity associated with Multiple Sclerosis, this has been acknowledged by the Institute Of Medicine, but it noted that these abundant anecdotal reports are not well-supported by clinical data. Evidence from animal studies suggests that there is a possible role for cannabinoids in the treatment of certain types of epileptic seizures.[37] The marijuana will numb the nervous system slightly so the body won’t go into shock. A synthetic version of the major active compound in cannabis, THC, is available in capsule form as the prescription drug dronabinol (Marinol) in many countries. The prescription drug Sativex, an extract of cannabis administered as a sublingual spray, has been approved in Canada for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. [38] Dr. William Notcutt states that the use of MS as the disease to study “had everything to do with politics”.[39]
New breeding and cultivation techniques
Main article: Cannabis (drug) cultivation
It is often claimed by growers and breeders of herbal cannabis that advances in breeding and cultivation techniques have increased the potency of cannabis since the late 1960s and early '70s. However, potent seedless marijuana such as "Thai sticks" were already available at that time. In fact, the sinsemilla technique of producing high-potency marijuana has been practiced in India for centuries. Sinsemilla (Spanish for "without seed") is the dried, seedless inflorescences of female cannabis plants. Because THC production drops off once pollination occurs, the male plants (which produce little THC themselves) are eliminated before they shed pollen to prevent pollination. Advanced cultivation techniques such as hydroponics, cloning, high-intensity artificial lighting, and the sea of green method are frequently employed as a response (in part) to prohibition enforcement efforts that make outdoor cultivation more risky. These intensive horticultural techniques have led to fewer seeds being present in cannabis and a general increase in potency over the past 20 years. The average levels of THC in marijuana sold in United States rose from 3.5% in 1988 to 7% in 2003 and 8.5% in 2006.[40]
"Skunk" cannabis is a potent strain of cannabis, grown through selective breeding and usually hydroponics, that is a cross-breed of Cannabis sativa and C. indica. Skunk cannabis potency ranges usually from 6% to 15% and rarely as high as 20%. The average THC level in coffeehouses in the Netherlands is about 18–19%.[41]
The average THC content of Skunk #1 is 8.2%; it is a 4-way combination of the cannabis strains Afghani indica, Mexican Gold, Colombian Gold, and Thai: 75% sativa, 25% indica. This was done via extensive breeding by cultivators in California in the 1970s using the traditional outdoor cropping methods used for centuries.
In proposed revisions to cannabis rescheduling in the UK, the government is considering scheduling the more potent cannabis material as a separate, more restricted substance. Many cannabis proponents are vehemently opposed, reasoning that if one can smoke less cannabis to achieve the same effect, then it is safer in the long run than smoking a less potent product.
A Dutch double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study of male volunteers with a self-reported history of regular cannabis use aged 18–45 years concluded that smoking of cannabis, with higher THC reflecting the content levels of netherweed (marijuana with 9–23% THC) as currently sold in coffee shops in the Netherlands, may lead to higher THC concentrations in serum (the internal dose). Smoking of cannabis with higher THC concentrations leads to an increase of the occurrence of effects, particularly among younger or inexperienced cannabis smokers, who do not adapt their smoking to the higher THC.[42] Smoking of cannabis with higher THC concentrations was associated with a dose-related increase of physical effects (such as increase of heart rate, and decrease of blood pressure) and psychomotor effects (such as reacting more slowly, being less concentrated, making more mistakes during performance testing, having less motor control, and experiencing drowsiness).
What was well observed in the Dutch study was that the effects based from a single dose—the smoking of one piece of a joint for 20–25 minutes—lasted for more than eight hours. The reaction time was still significantly slower about five hours after smoking. At that time, the THC serum concentration was low, but still present. This means that even when individuals have the impression that their state has returned to baseline and that they can smoke another piece of joint, the effect of the first joint may be still present. When subjects smoke on several occasions per day, accumulation of THC may occur.
Another study showed that 15 mg THC result in no learning whatsoever occurring over a three-trial selective reminding task at two hours. In several tasks, delta(9)-THC increased both speed and error rates, reflecting “riskier” speed–accuracy trade-offs.[43]
There are two recognized types of herbal cannabis, sativa and indica. So-called sativa strains are reputed to induce a noticeably more "cerebral" high, while indica strains induce more of a body high. These two drug types are often hybridized or crossed with early-maturing (but low in THC) ruderalis strains to increase the range in desirable characteristics.
Criminalization and legalization
World laws on cannabis possession (small amount). Data is from multiple sources detailed on the full source list. This map is a work in progress. Please give corrections and additions here.
World laws on cannabis possession (small amount). Data is from multiple sources detailed on the full source list. This map is a work in progress. Please give corrections and additions here.
U.S. Federal Bureau of Narcotics PSA used in the late 1930s and 1940s.
U.S. Federal Bureau of Narcotics PSA used in the late 1930s and 1940s.
Main article: Legality of cannabis
See also: Drug prohibition and Drug liberalization
Since the beginning of the 20th century, most countries have enacted laws against the cultivation, use, possession, or transfer of cannabis for recreational use. These laws have impacted adversely on the cannabis plant's cultivation for non-recreational purposes, but there are many regions where, under certain circumstances, handling of cannabis is legal or licensed. Many jurisdictions have lessened the penalties for possession of small quantities of cannabis, so that it is punished by confiscation or a fine, rather than imprisonment, focusing more on those who traffic the drug on the black market. There are also changes in a more restrictive direction such as the closing of coffee shops in the Netherlands, the closing of the open drug market in Christiania, Copenhagen and the higher minimum penalties as in Canada. Although recently in Canada the use of marijuana has been decriminalized and laws in certain provinces (such as British Columbia) have been un-enforced. Some jurisdictions use mandatory treatment programs for frequent known users with freedom from narcotic drugs as goal. Simple possession can carry long prison terms in some countries, particularly in East Asia, where the sale of cannabis may lead to a sentence of life in prison or even execution.
Effects
Main article: Health issues and the effects of cannabis
Cannabis has psychoactive and physiological effects when consumed, usually by smoking or ingestion. The minimum amount of THC required to have a perceptible psychoactive effect is about 10 micrograms per kilogram of body weight[44] (which, in practical terms, is a varying amount, dependent upon potency). A related compound, ?9-tetrahydrocannabivarin, also known as THCV, is produced in appreciable amounts by certain drug strains. This cannabinoid has been described in the popular literature as having shorter-acting, flashier effects than THC, but recent studies suggest that it may actually inhibit the effects of THC. Relatively high levels of THCV are common in African dagga (marijuana), and in hashish from the northwest Himalayas.
Health issues
Main article: Health issues and the effects of cannabis
Cannabis use has been alleged to be associated with several illnesses. Due to its illegal status in many countries, it has been difficult to research these claims. Cannabis is rumoured to cause lung cancer, yet studies and tests have proven inconclusive. When mixed with tobacco however, there is a risk.[45]
Cannabis use has been linked to psychosis by several peer-reviewed studies. A 1987 Swedish study claiming a link between cannabis use and schizophrenia was criticized for not differentiating between cannabis use and the use of other narcotics, and its results have not been verified by other studies. More recently, the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study published research showing an increased risk of psychosis for cannabis users with a certain genetic predisposition, held by 25% of the population.[46] In 2007, a study published in The Lancet and a poll of mental health experts showed that a growing number of medical health practitioners are convinced that cannabis use increases susceptibility to mental illness, accounting for 14% of United Kingdom psychosis cases; however, the risk to an individual smoking cannabis is only increased by 2%.[47]
Relationship with other drugs
Since its origin in the 1950s, the "gateway drug" hypothesis has been one of the central pillars of cannabis drug policy in the United States. The argument is that people, upon trying cannabis for the first time and not finding it dangerous, are then tempted to try other, harder drugs. This model of cause and effect has been debated.[48] Some argue that the purported relationship between marijuana and more illicit drugs, as proposed by the "gateway theory," is methodologically flawed--it is a spurious association. A common argument is that a beginning user of cannabis, not finding it dangerous, will see the often stark difference between public information regarding the drug (much of which is misleading or fabricated, e.g. DARE), and come to distrust the sources of that information in general, and specifically regarding information on other drugs. Some studies support the "gateway drug" model.[49] An example from 2007: A stratified, random sample of 1943 adolescents was recruited from secondary schools across Victoria, Australia, at age 14–15 years. This cohort was interviewed on eight occasions until the age of 24–25 years. At age 24 years, 12% of the sample had used amphetamines in the past year, with 1–2% using at least weekly. Young adult amphetamine use was predicted strongly by adolescent drug use and was associated robustly with other drug use and dependence in young adulthood. Associations were stronger for more frequent users. Among young adults who had not been using amphetamines at age 20 years, the strongest predictor of use at age 24 years was the use of other drugs, particularly cannabis, at 20 years.[50] Those who were smoking cannabis at the age of 15 were as much as 15 times more likely to be using amphetamines in their early 20s.[51]
Analysts have hypothesized that the illegal status of cannabis is a possible cause of a gateway drug effect, reasoning that cannabis users are likely to become acquainted with people who use and sell other illegal drugs in order to acquire cannabis. But it is said to be that Marijuana is not as harmful or addicting as any other drug.[52][53] Some contend that by this argument, alcohol and tobacco may also be regarded as gateway drugs. Studies have shown that tobacco smoking is a better predictor of concurrent illicit hard drug use than smoking cannabis.[54]
Comparison of addiction vs. physical harm for 20 drugs as estimated by an article in The Lancet
Comparison of addiction vs. physical harm for 20 drugs as estimated by an article in The Lancet
A current doctoral thesis from Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, on the neurobiological effects of early life cannabis exposure, gives support for the cannabis gateway hypothesis in relation to adult opiate abuse. THC exposed rats showed increased motivation for opiate drug use under conditions of stress. However, the cannabis exposure did not correlate to amphetamine use. [55]
A study[56] published in The Lancet on 24 March 2007 was twenty drugs were assigned a risk from zero to three. Dr. David Nutt et al. asked medical, scientific and legal experts to rate 20 different drugs on nine parameters:
* Physical harm (Acute, Chronic, and Intravenous harm)
* Dependence (Intensity of pleasure, Psychological dependence, Physical dependence)
* Social harms (Intoxication, Other social harms, Health-care costs)
Cannabis was ranked seventeenth of twenty for mean physical harm score and eleventh for mean dependence score. Not shown is the mean social harm score, which rated ninth, in a tie with Amphetamine.
Classification
While many drugs clearly fall into the category of either Stimulant, Depressant, Hallucinogen, or Antipsychotic, cannabis, containing both THC and CBD, exhibits a mix of all sections, leaning towards the Hallucinogen section due to THC being the primary constituent. [57][58][59]
Methods of consumption
Herbal cannabis "buds"
Herbal cannabis "buds"
Cannabis is prepared for human consumption in several forms:
* Marijuana or ganja: the flowering tops of female plants, from less than 1% THC to 22% THC; the wide range is probably one of the reasons for the conflicting results from different studies.
* Hashish or charas: a concentrated resin composed of heated glandular trichomes that have been physically extracted, usually by rubbing, sifting, or with ice.
* Kief: (1) the chopped flowering tops of female cannabis plants, often mixed with tobacco; (2) Moroccan hashish produced in the Rif mountains[60]; (3) sifted cannabis trichomes consisting of only the glandular "heads" (often incorrectly referred to as "crystals" or "pollen"); (4) the crystal (trichomes) left at the bottom of a grinder after grinding marijuana, then smoked.
* Bhang: a beverage prepared by grinding cannabis leaves in milk and boiling with spices and other ingredients.
Hashish
Hashish
These forms are not exclusive, and mixtures of two or more different forms of cannabis are frequently consumed. Between the many different strains of cannabis and the various ways that it is prepared, there are innumerable variations similar to the wide variety of mixed alcoholic beverages that are consumed.
Smoking
Joints
Joints
Main article: Cannabis smoking
Vaporization
A vaporizer heats herbal cannabis to 365–410 °F (185–210 °C), which turns the active ingredients into gas without burning the plant material (the boiling point of THC is 392 °F (200°C) at 0.02 mm Hg pressure, and somewhat higher at standard atmospheric pressure).[61][62] Toxic chemicals are released at much lower levels than by smoking, although this may vary depending on the design of the vaporizer and the temperature at which it is set. A MAPS-NORML study using a Volcano™ vaporizer reported 95% THC and no toxins delivered in the vapor.[63] However, an older study using less sophisticated vaporizers found more toxins.[64] The effects from a vaporizer are noticeably different to that of smoking cannabis. Users have reported a more euphoric hallucinogen type high, because the vapor contains more pure THC.
Eating
As an alternative to smoking, cannabis may be consumed orally. Although hashish is sometimes eaten raw or mixed with water, THC and other cannabinoids are more efficiently absorbed into the bloodstream when dissolved in ethanol, or combined with butter or other lipids. The time to onset of effects is usually about an hour and may continue for a considerable length of time, whereas the effects of smoking herbal cannabis are almost immediate.
Smoking cannabis results in a significant loss of THC and other cannabinoids in the exhaled smoke, by decomposition on burning, and in smoke that is not inhaled. In contrast, all of the active constituents enter the body when cannabis is ingested. It has been shown that the primary active component of cannabis, ?9-THC, is converted to the more psychoactive 11-hydroxy-THC by the liver.[65] Titration to the desired effect by ingestion is much more difficult than through inhalation.
Other methods
Cannabis material can be leached in high-proof spirits (often grain alcohol) to create “Green Dragon”. This process is often employed to make use of low-potency stems and leaves.
Cannabis can also be consumed as a tea. Although THC is lipophilic and only slightly water soluble (with a solubility of 2.8 grams per liter[66]), enough THC can be dissolved to make a mildly psychoactive tea. However, water-based infusions are generally considered to be an inefficient use of the herb.
In 2006, hollowed-out gumballs filled with cannabis material and labeled as “Greenades” were distributed by high school students in the U.S.[67]
See also
* 420 (cannabis culture)
* 1937 Marihuana Tax Act
* Cannabis political parties
* Emerald Triangle
* Fitz Hugh Ludlow ("The Hasheesh Eater")
* Global Marijuana March
* Head shop
* International Opium Convention
* Legality of cannabis by country
* List of cannabis strains
* Marc Emery
* National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws
* Proposition 215
* Hemp
References
[1] Marijuana Tax Act of 1937
1. ^ Compact Oxford Ditctionary definition
2. ^ The Oxford English Dictionary. Any of various preparations of different parts of the hemp-plant which are smoked, chewed, sniffed or drunk for their intoxicating or hallucinogenic properties and were formerly used medicinally; bhang (marijuana), ganja, and charas (hashish) are different forms of these preparations." It is also notes that "cannabis" was elliptical reference (i.e. slang) for Cannabis sativa.
3. ^ Matthew J. Atha - Independent Drug Monitoring Unit. Types of Cannabis Available in the UK. Retrieved on 2007-09-13.
4. ^ a b Rudgley, Richard (1999). in Touchstone: The Lost Civilizations of the Stone Age. ISBN 0-6848-5580-1.
5. ^ United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2006), "Cannabis: Why we should care", World Drug Report 1, ISBN 9-2114-8214-3,